War in Iraq Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

War in Iraq - Essay Example Earlier this year, President Bush rejected a war funding bill offered by the Democratic-controlled Congress because it mandated a partial troop withdrawal beginning in October 2007, and continuing until all U.S. military personnel in Iraq were back home by April 2008. Bush responded with a veto stating that deadlines for troop withdrawals would be â€Å"irresponsible.† The Congress soon acquiesced and approved an Iraq spending bill with ‘no strings attached.’ Even congressional Democrats who are bitterly opposed to the war acknowledged that quickly withdrawing from Iraq would irreparably damage America’s long-held image of strength. This eventuality would be a political coup for Al Qaeda, as well as other terrorist groups, who could then credibly claim that the U.S. cannot back up its rhetoric with successful actions. CNN terrorism analyst Peter Bergen echoed the sentiments of the Bush administration by saying Iraq must not be another base of operations for Al Qaeda, that this would make this well-financed and growing terrorist organization much larger than ever. Leaving, in essence, would allow terrorism to become a much larger threat to the U.S. and western nations. Iraq’s neighbor Iran and Al Qaeda are predominantly Sunni Muslims. If the U.S. were to leave, the entire country would be ‘up for grabs’ dividing into Sunni, Shiite and Kurdish regions. Militant Sunni groups would control certain areas and would quickly establish training bases and encampments from which to launch terrorist’s actions worldwide.

Sustainable Food Preparation Essay Example for Free

Sustainable Food Preparation Essay Through out the world food preparation has become more damaging to the world. In London, food creates 19 million tones of greenhouse gas emissions per year which is more than from all of London’s transport and all of London’s houses. Sustainable food is safe, healthy and nutritious, for consumers in shops, restaurants, schools, and hospitals etc, and can meet the needs of the less well off people and provides a livable livelihood for farmers, processors and retailers, whose employees enjoy a safe and hygienic working environment whether in the Australia  or overseas. The main steps to have a fully sustainable restaurant include: 1) Providing local, organic and vegetarian menu options. 2) Choosing foods and other products with little or no packaging. 3) Using reusable cutlery, cups, glasses, plates and platters. 4) Storing foods appropriately. 5) Reduce waste. 6) Reducing water consumption. 7) Trying to grow some of your own food. 8) Supporting fair trade. 9) Raising awareness. 10) Using smaller portions. 11) Using short cooking methods such as microwaving, stir frying and grilling. Although practices vary, farmers who grow sustainable food to avoid weed, disease and pest problems, get nitrogen from natural sources like green manure and compost, practice soil conservation, minimize soil erosion and eliminate or limit the contamination of water with agricultural chemicals. The strategies they use to control pests are not harmful to the farmer, the consumer or the land and soil structure. In America, Ohio State’s dining services programs are actively committed to helping the earth. Initiatives such as local purchasing in Ohio, providing eco-friendly, biodegradable containers and utensils, offering  tray-less and bag-free service, work to support the local economy, reduce waste, and conserve water resources. Food waste is sent through the facility’s food pulper, shipped off-site and repurposed as compost or other byproduct. Used cooking oil is recycled and converted into bio-diesel fuel. They also convince Patrons can do their part in helping us reduce our environmental mpact by recycling their packaged products, purchasing one of our reusable bags or bringing their own, and visiting us with their reusable beverage containers. Customers who bring in their reusable mugs receive coffee for the price of a small. Sustainable food in both the commercial and home kitchen provides a much greener future and by taking time to use these methods for preparing food, you are able to create both a healthier meal and much healthier earth.

Divided We Fall Essay -- essays research papers

"Divided We Fall," a Czech movie about hard decisions and loyalty, not to one's country, but to yourself, is protrayed very well by director Jan Hrebejk. This movie, considered a black comedy, is more than just a true story being told; it shows how hard it was for one family to conseal a Jewish person in their home. Csonger Kassai's character, David, escaped prison in Poland and returned to Czechoslovakia where he thought that someone could help him. He is taken in by his former employee (Bolek Polivka, who plays Josef), who is reluctant at first, but spends the next two years lying in order to save David, himself, and his wife, Marie (Anna Siskova). Throughout the film, there are many close calls. The worst one is that Marie told Horst (a worker for the Nazis, who always comes over uninvited) that she is pregnant (in order to save David), although everyone knows the couple want children, but have never had any. Although you think that the couple have the hardest part of keeping David a secret, it's hard for David, especially at the end where he has to show his face in order to save the people who have consealed him. The setting of the house where Josef and Marie lived was a very good example of what most non-Jewish people would live in. It was small, but cosy just enough for two people. It also included a pantry which was turned into a shelter for David. Not many shots were taken out of the house and that ones that were taken of the street told the audience a lot, especially during the resistance. That scene showed people blowing up houses where collaborators lived, breaking glass windows, and running around the street chaotic. The cinematic techniques added much emotion to the story created on screen. Everytime there was a very important section or Nazis knocking on Josef's door, the cameras seemed to be slowing down just a little bit, as if to tell the audience "Okay, now it's the time to pay attention." Throughout the film, Hrebejk knew where to put the cameras in order to get the best take of a scene, which enhanced the view of watching the movie and added suspence to it. The music suited the movie very nicely. By the type of music playing, you could determine what sort of scene was coming up, either fast and light... ... it was his home, in order to save Josef and Marie from the Nazis searching their house. In that part, he did what was right. The perpetrators in the film would have been the Nazis who persecuted any family who had a Jew hiding with them. The victim was, of course, David. The collaborator was mainly Horst, but at time, Josef, when he really neede to be. The recuers were Josef and Marie, and at some times, Horst too. Some could say that, in order to save Josef, Marie and Horst, David was the rescuer. Simacek (played by Jiri Pecha0 would be also considered a rescuer since he never told the truth about Horst not being a real doctor. There seemed to be no bystanders in this film. The name of the film, "Divided We Fall," is only part of the phrase that was used througout the whole film. "United we stand, divided we fall' was the quote used mostly by Horst when he wanted to uplift Josef's feelings. It seemed easy to stand united but when trouble occurs, divided is what most people will be. The film showed, especially at the end, that people could be united even through tough times and even though they feel like going against their conscience.

Scale Effects Development and the Flattening of the Globe

Economic growth can be viewed from two angles. For many decades, economists had put primary importance on factor endowments, good economic policies, and democratic institutions, as the main determinants of economic development. Some economists though refused to accept the hypothesis which states that â€Å"economic development is the only measure of institutional efficiency and real potential growth. They argued that some variables, like climate and geography, can have significant bearing on the developmental course of a country (hence, the term â€Å"scale effects development† is used to describe the degree or extent of regional variables used as a measure of economic growth). Hence, it is possible that these variables actually dictate the general framework of the economic policies of a country. Alternative Hypotheses Masters and McMillan (2001) tested this hypothesis by looking at a sample of 90 rich and poor countries. The authors concluded that one factor differentiating developed countries from poor ones is the frequency of winter frosts. Winter frosts reduce borne diseases and kill plant parasites. Frosts also allow agricultural lands to experience a seasonal buildup of organic matter, leading to rich, fertile topsoil. In short, frosts boost economic development Acemoglu et al (2001) argued that countries with low mortality rates experienced economic development. Investigating a variety of 17th to 19th century European colonial strategies, the author found that where settler mortality was low, because geography and climate were conducive to health, Europeans moved in and established good institutions. Places where settler mortality was high, because of bad geography and diseases, Europeans stayed away and created bad institutions. Whether the institutions are good and bad, it was noted that geography and climate has a significant bearing on the pattern of world distribution of income. Countries with good institutions (as a result of good geography) have high levels of income; those with bad institutions (as a result of bad geography) have low levels of income. International Trade, Resource Availability and Land Use International trade has resulted to the smoothing of economic transactions among countries with different socio-politico-economic systems. This ‘smoothing’ process can be seen as the overall end of the modernization process. Modernization requires the removal of trade barriers, privatization of government corporations, and most importantly, the establishment of an efficient resource base. Modernization can be an effective mode for economic development if all countries adopt its basic principles. In addition, the platform of modernization only works if the factor endowments of a particular country (land an, capital, and labor) are utilized efficiently and exchanged to other countries (comparative advantage). In short, modernization as a process makes the economic world smaller and vulnerable to market fluctuations. The World is Flat Friedman (2005) recounts a journey to Bangalore, India, after he realized globalization has changed core economic concepts. He suggests the world is â€Å"flat† in the sense that globalization has leveled the competitive playing fields between industrial and emerging market countries (in terms of income and comparative advantage). In his opinion, this flattening is a product of a convergence of world economic integration and scale effects development. He termed this period as Globalization 3. 0, differentiating this period from the previous Globalization 1. 0 (which countries and governments were the main mechanisms for growth and development) and the Globalization 2. 0 (which multinational companies led the way in driving global integration).

Ethics Essay

1. What is/are John’s ethical issues? I do not know the exact definition of ethical but I believe it to be related to our behavior and the decisions we make and if they are considered right or wrong by society. I am sure there are times when a situation may be perfectly legal but we may not think it is okay. Keeping this in mind, John’s ethical issues include thoroughly researching IPOs and using this information to his advantage, pocketing profits from the shorting process, disregarding the non-compete clause and allowing mailings to be sent to his clients prior to resigning, indirectly letting his clients know he was personally paying for their expenses instead of charging them to the firm, buying and selling stocks without the client’s knowledge, and not giving the time and attention needed to properly train new hires. 2. Are there any legal considerations for John? I think he could be held legally liable for all of the actions mentioned above if they are illegal. I am not sure if indirectly letting clients know he paid for their expenses and buying and selling their stocks without their knowledge is illegal. Obviously he is doing something illegal if the SEC is investigating. I guess he could be fined and/or be taken to trial depending on the severity of his actions and the amount of money involved. 3. Discuss the implications of each decision John has made and will make. I am not a risk taker and I know I would question his character based on the decisions he has made and I would not trust him. However, it sounds as if this type of behavior may be the norm with stock brokers who are willing to take risks. The Sharks would probably be more accepting of his behavior because they are risk takers but the Cessna and Turtles would be less accepting because of being more conservative. I think John should cooperate with the SEC with the hopes of reducing the severity of punishment for his actions. Resolving Ethical Business Challenges – Questions/Exercises 1. What are the potential ethical issues faced by Acme Corporation? I think the potential ethical issues are giving the client season tickets and a vacation in return for purchasing additional inventory, taking the best accounts to Vegas for a thank you party with all expenses paid including adult entertainment and keeping it quiet. 2. What should Acme do if there is a desire to make ethics part of its core organizational values? Acme needs to communicate core values to their employees. Ethics programs need be created and overseen by appointed ethics officers. The ethical component relates to the values, beliefs and established and enforced patterns of conduct that employees use to identify and respond to ethical issues. 3. Identify the ethical issues of which Frank needs to be aware. He should be concerned about the fact he agreed to give the client season tickets and a vacation in return for an increase inventory which resulted in a personal bonus for Frank and achievement recognition. Amber offered the thank you trip but Frank would be telling the client adult entertainment is okay per Amber and it would not get out. Each time he goes to this client with a recommendation to increase inventory, the client is going to expect to get something in return. If other clients find out about this, they may expect the same treatment or they may take their business elsewhere. 4. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each decision that Frank could make. Each time he goes to this client with a recommendation to increase inventory, the client is going to expect to get something in return. If other clients find out about this, they may expect the same treatment or they may take their business elsewhere. I think every client is important to a business regardless of the size of their account and they should each be treated equally but it does not happen this way in the real world.

Slavery in the South essays

Slavery in the South essays Enslaved African Americans and freed slaves were at the bottom of the southern society. The nearly four million slaves who lived in the south in 1860 made up more than one-third of the regions population. Although the slaves of African descent, few knew anything about Africa from firsthand experience. In 1808, congress outlawed the importing of slaves into the United States. While thousand were still smuggled in after that time, by 1860 the vast majority of the enslaved people in the south were native born. Many could claim a longer ancestry in North America than could the white families who owned them. Although the vast majority of African American in the south was slaves, some 250,000 were free. These free African Americans were former slaves or the descendants of slaves who had gained their freedom. Occasionally, a planter would state in his will that his slaves should be free when he died. A few slaves were able to save enough money to buy their own freedom. This was impossible for a plantation slave, but the urban slaves were frequently allowed to make money for themselves during their free time. Although free Americans were no longer in bondage, their social status was not much higher than that of slaves. Most southern states passed laws that severely restricted liberties of free African Americans. In some states free African Americans could not assemble in large groups unless a white person was present. They were also excluded from occupations that would involve frequent contact with slaves out of fear of slave revolts. Throughout the south, free African Americans were second-class citizens. As the North passed gradual emancipation laws, freed slaves moved toward cities. In 1820 African Americans made up about one-tenth of the populations of Philadelphia and New York City. They were excluded from white churches and public schools and, increasingly, from the skilled crafts, dock labor, and household service at which they ...

Chemistry Research Paper Writing Guide

Chemistry Research Paper Writing Guide Scientific investigation depends as much on the development of brand-new and ground-breaking ideas as it does on your ability to properly communicate those ideas within the target community. This chemistry research paper guide will provide you with the basic foundation needed to craft a winning research paper in the field of chemistry. The key goal of a chemistry research paper is not to simply communicate the work that has been done to explain this or that scientific process. Instead, you become a real narrator, articulating internal prose that resulted in the ultimate findings. In other words, a research project accomplished for a chemistry class explicate each step of the scientific method. When it comes to chemistry, the research paper is the most important project that includes the bulk of primary literature of the field. The paper serves as a tool that the author is free to use to communicate original research performed in the lab, scrupulously documenting the results. A Good Chemistry Research Paper Has a Hook A wisely chosen topic will ensure your chemistry research paper is highly readable. For instance, if your project covers an emerging research topic like â€Å"Ebola Virus,† or any other issue that affects millions of people, it’ll definitely hook your reader’s attention. The other elements that can attract more people to your research paper can include a novel method or a human interest angle. According to â€Å"Hooking the Reader: A Corpus Study of Evaluative that in Abstracts† by Ken Hyland from the University of East Anglia, having an engaging title is a must-have for a paper to stand out. With dozens of research papers in the field of chemistry, an appealing title is crucial. The shorter it is, the better. Besides, the chosen topic should appeal to a wide readership and always be effective, simple and properly reproduce the content of the project. If the author is required to submit his/her paper to a chemistry journal, it is important to keep away from the terms such as Device, Application, Fabrication or Synthesis since they suggest the project is highly specialized in its nature. Moreover, it is recommended to void the descriptive words like investigation, demonstration or study because they tend to undermine the uniqueness of your research. Likewise, don’t use the adjectives like highly efficient, green, significant enhancement, facile unless you†™ve come up with the major finding that can unconditionally support the claim. Telling a good story means to draw your target readers into the research you’ve conducted. Once they find themselves curious about how the paper starts, they will be eager to learn what happens in the end. The Introduction The introductory section is slightly different from a short abstract. It is used to provide the readers with the background to the chemistry research and, what is more, why it is important in the context. What are the critical questions that your project address? Why should your audience be interested? As you see, it’s important to start the chemistry research paper with the powerful opening paragraphs that comprise some hooking content. The problem here is that once the author starts, he/she forgets to keep the rest of the project as interesting as the introduction. However, you have to include good hooks in both – your introduction and the final part of the research paper. To get a better idea of what would be the best hook to attract your readers and keep them interested from A to Z, it’s recommended to know the purposes and the structure of the research paper introduction. Here are some hints for writing attention-grabbing intros. You just have to follow them carefully: Describe the problem; Based on a true story; Vividly interpret your issue; The scenario when you, at the author, are supposed to make up a story in order to explain a particular problem; Flashback; Opening fact, joke or statistic may become an excellent hook. Feel free even to quote a poem, if possible. There are dozens of possible hooks that can be found in the area of chemistry. Try to choose what suits you best: Gallium is a metal that on the palm of the hand at 29.76ï‚ °C. The Zika virus is spread by mosquito bites and female-to-male sex. Teeth, bones, and pearl will dissolve in vinegar since it contains weak acetic acid. If you expose a glass of water to space, it is not going to freeze. It will actually boil. Soon, the water vapor would turn into ice. The Red Planet, i.e., Mars is actually red because there’s iron oxide found on the surface. It is known that Dmitri Mendeleev had long hair and a long beard. The scientist would trim his hair once every year. Even though it was virtually impossible to find females alchemists in the Middle Ages, the first woman in the field is known as Mary the Jewess. The lady alchemist practiced in 200 AD; however, even nowadays the chemists apply some of the advances related to the distillation and heating of elements that Mary invented. Despite the nature of the hook that you’ve included, your chemistry research paper should be written in formal language, which means no jargon or slang is ever allowed in the scientific community. There are times when academic writing may include jargon or slang if they provide some good hooks. Don’t change the original text of your hook even if there’s the informal language in it. The Body Here’s where you explain, prove, or/and support your research paper’s thesis statement or claim with solid evidence. When integrating evidence (usually quotes, but it can also be common sense examples, statistics, and figures) to your chemistry research paper, ensure to do that smoothly. Your readers should be provided with an opportunity to easily move from your words to the evidence without experiencing any logical obstacles. If you find introducing quotes appropriate here or there in the body of the research paper, always provide the source for each quote. There are some terms you’re free to use in order to introduce the quoted material: confirms, asserts, explains, makes clear, comments, believes, indicates, claims, declares, defines, proposes and so on. However, keep in mind that they are not interchangeable. Pick the terms based on the context/meaning. For instance: All of us know that the famous chemist saw the pattern of the periodic table in a dream because, as Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev writes in his diary, â€Å"I saw in a dream a table where all the elements fell into place as required. Awakening, I immediately wrote it down on a piece of paper.† Explain why the evidence provided is crucial to your argument. No matter how good it is, it won’t help your argument much if your target audience has not the slightest idea of why it is important. Make sure to ask yourself: is what way this evidence proves the point that you’re making in this paragraph or your chemistry research project as a whole? This segment, usually the longest, contains the work that you’ve performed and the results that you’ve obtained. Take into consideration a few questions provided to help you shape the analysis: Did the chemistry experiment work? What kind of explanations can you give for the experiment failure or success? How have you handled the problems of the initial strategy? Do your experiment results demonstrate any key chemical principles? Can you state that the results that you have obtained are consistent with the ones that were previously reported? Do you think any extra experiments should be performed to disprove/prove the analysis? The development of the field of chemistry that we know today occurred in the XIX century, in Germany. Consequently, before the 1950’s most of the prominent advances in the area were communicated in German. Since the chemistry books, papers and letters written in the past reflect this history, chemistry is always written in the third person passive voice. It is important to avoid pronouns such as ‘us’, ‘I’ and ‘we’ when writing a chemistry research paper. Don’t write: We often use the formation of a precipitate to confirm the presence of specific ions in solution. For instance, to confirm the presence of chloride ions, we add silver ions to form silver chloride precipitate. Do write: Formation of a precipitate is often used to confirm the presence of specific ions in solution. For example, to confirm the presence of chloride ions, silver ions are added to form silver chloride precipitate. The Conclusion: a Few Ideas from Our Writers What is a conclusion for a chemistry research paper? First of all, it is the last segment of your project or the last paragraph in any other type of assignment. A concluding section is like the final chord in your own song. It gives your readers a feeling that the paper is arranged and completed properly. You want your target listeners to feel that you supported each claim you’ve made in your thesis. In some ways, this part if similar to your introduction. You’re required to restate your thesis statement and sum up the key points of evidence. Even though an effective conclusion requires you to remain succinct and clear, it doesn’t have to lack a compelling narrative. Check some of the chemistry research paper tips strategies to go far beyond simply summarizing the main points of your project: If your chemistry research paper is dedicated to a contemporary problem, it is important to warn your target audience about the possible consequences of not attending to it. Cite a relevant expert viewpoint already mentioned in your project to lend authority to the results you have obtained. Get back to the quotation, the example or the anecdote that you’ve provided in the intro. However, provide further insight resulting from your findings; make use of your interpretation of results in order to reorganize it in a new manner. Provide an explanation of the consequences of your research to prove how urgent it is to seek changes. If your research paper requirements encourage students to give any personal reflections, feel free to provide your conclusion with a relevant story taken from your personal experiences. Restate a key fact or statistics in order to stress the ultimate point of your project. Sketch the so-called never-to-be-forgotten message in the form of a solid statement that you want your audience to remember about your piece. Highlight any possible opportunities for future research if you haven’t already specified those before in the discussion section of your assignment. Indicating the need for future research in the field of chemistry convinces your reader that you have an in-depth awareness of the research issues. Citations It is required that the citations in your chemistry research paper should be written in ACS (American Chemical Society) format. Different disciplines and journals have different requirements for using endnotes versus footnotes. However, you have to always annotate the notes with superscripts. Most of the references that the chemistry research papers’ authors tend to cite are the journal communications/articles. Take a look at the example of the format for a journal article: 1st author last, first initials; 2nd author last, first initials; etc. Journal Abbreviation year, volume, the number of the first page–the number of the last page. Consider the style and the punctuation of every segment. The numbers of the pages should be provided with the en-dash between the numbers and not with a hyphen(– but not -). For instance: Logwood, D. R.; Carpenter, S. T. J. Am. Chem. Soc.2017, 98, 8827–8835. To find more information, ensure to consult the American Chemical Society Style Guide through the website of ACS Publications.

Definition of Relief in Geography

Definition of Relief in Geography In geography, a locations relief is the difference between its highest and lowest elevations. For example,  with both mountains and valleys in the area, the local relief of Yosemite National Park is impressive. A two-dimensional relief map displays the topography of a given area. Physical relief maps actually have raised areas that represent different elevations. (You may have seen them in school.) However, if youre going for a hike, theyre not very practical to carry in your pocket. Flat Maps Flat maps represent relief in a variety of ways.  On older flat maps, you may see areas with lines of various thickness to represent variations in the steepness of locations. With this technique, known as  hachuring, the thicker the lines, the steeper the area. As mapmaking evolved, hachuring was replaced by shaded areas that represented variations in the steepness of the land. These types of maps may also show altitude notations at various locations on the map to give viewers some context. Differences in elevation on flat maps can also also be represented using different colors- usually lighter to darker for ascending elevations, with the darkest areas being the farthest above sea level. The drawback with this method is that contours in the land dont show up. Reading Topographic Maps Topographic maps, which also are types of flat maps, use contour lines to represent elevation. These lines connect points that are at the same level, so you know that when you travel from one line to another, you are either going up or down in elevation. The lines also have numbers on them, specifying which elevation is represented by the points connected by that line. The lines maintain a consistent interval between them- such as 100 feet or 50 meters- which will be noted in the maps legend. As the lines get closer together, the land becomes steeper. If the numbers become lower as you move toward the center of an area, they represent the site of a depression and have hash marks on them to distinguish them from hills. Common Uses for Topographic Maps Youll find topographic maps in sporting goods stores or online sites that cater to outdoor enthusiasts. Since topographic maps also display water depths, locations of rapids, waterfalls, dams, boat ramp access points, intermittent streams, wooded marshes and swamps, sand vs. gravel beaches, sandbars, seawalls, breakwaters, dangerous rocks, levees, and mangroves, they are extremely useful to campers, hikers, hunters, and anyone going fishing, rafting, or boating. Topographic maps also show aboveground and buried pipelines, as well as utility and telephone poles, caves, covered reservoirs, cemeteries, mine shafts, open-pit mines, campgrounds, ranger stations, winter recreation areas, and dirt roads that likely wont appear on your basic roadmap. While topography refers to land, a chart that shows the varying depths of water is called  a bathymetric  chart  or  map. In addition to showing depths with lines as on a topographic map, these types of charts may also show differences in depths via color-coding.  Surfers might review bathymetric charts of beaches in order to locate places where waves are likely to break bigger than in other areas (a steep ascent in proximity to a beach means larger waves).

Visiting the City Council Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Visiting the City Council - Essay Example Many of them were talking about the efforts on forming city budget for 2006 and proper allocation of financial resources. Such talks were frequently accompanied by discussion of taxation issue. Some people were talking about property matters, in particular, the problems of buying property and investments into construction. For about ten minutes two young men, standing next to the doors of the building, have been lively discussing the necessity of reconstruction of our city park. Everybody seemed to be very busy next to the Council. But a few officials were leaving the building very slowly. They were discussing some private matters: in particular, sharing their plans for Christmas vacations. Also, outside of the building I found a board of information about the activity of our city administration. It included general information, accompanied with FAQ section about any possible problem, which can bring a person to City Council. And also there was everything available regarding to the duties, names and contacts of the Council Members. Standing for one hour next to the Supreme Court of our State, I could notice much less activity and fewer amounts of visitors. A group of tired security officers was located outside of the building in a small watch box.

Paper on engineering failure with guidelines Essay

Paper on engineering failure with guidelines - Essay Example One of the most epic sea engineering failures was seen in the 1912 during the Titanic accident that saw many lives and property perish in helpless circumstances. In 1912, the world ever largest ship sunk deep into the ocean leading to over 1500 deaths due to poor safety designs by the engineers during its construction (Lisbon 36). The impact with the iceberg in the middle of the ocean. The expert expressed their concern that the engineer’s key failure was allowing aesthetic value to take the center of the construction while disregarding safety designs. Research has found that the engineers were the primary cause of the inability to have adequate security infrastructure. In fact, the initial design had included two rows of lifeboats under the deck; however, the designers removed one row in order to create ample space for passengers views. The nature of the error was largely technological and reverse priority. During the accident, the iceberg buckled the popped plates leading to gushing of water into the transverse bulkheads that were reduced to allow for spacious first-class rooms (Lisbon 67). Probably the ship would have withstood the iceberg had the original design been executed. The fundamental principle of the security had been catered for in the original design. Following a disaster, there were changes in policy to increase the heights of the double hulls transverse bulkheads that will reach the sides of ships in the future. The engineers most important lesson was the importance of enhancing security measures in ship designs as number one priority (Lisbon 125). Macdonald & Jones (2006) article on Sustainable Drainage System (SUDs) presents a case study at Glasgow introduces an engineering design of drainage systems in cities and urban centers. The authors use Glasgow as one of the cities in the world with a classical SUDs

Hegemony and Educatiom Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Hegemony and Educatiom - Research Paper Example This essay will also discuss the ethical issues and the negative effects contained in hegemony and education. As stated above, hegemony and education are closely related. Hegemony presents itself in various fields including cultural, religious, and regional studies. In the past, hegemony was closely associated with political and military rule of states. However, in the 20th century, it was centered on cultural hegemony. This concept was invented by Antonio Gramsci, a Marxist scholar (Roger, 1991). The concept was known as the cultural domination theory which is an analysis of the economic class. Therefore, the sociological and philosophical theories are an analysis of the norms that form social structures (Raymond, 1977). Elementary education is also known as primary education. It is usually a period of at least 8 years of schooling from age five or six (Brandt, 1986). However, this varies depending on the country that the learner is located in. The politico-military connection in th e ruling of a subordinate society encourages cultural and social tasks that are quite non-beneficial and deviant to the members of the society (Roger, 1991). These social, cultural and political issues are of significant effect in the elementary curriculum. In the elementary education level, both the learners and the staff are affected by the socio-cultural and economic factors. For example, elementary tutors face formidable challenges in their work. In the contemporary world, many elementary teachers are subjected to demands in the philosophy of education, standardized assessment of their teaching skills, and school organization. In general, critical pedagogy shows that there is unequal social stratification in the society (21st Century Schools, 2010). It is based on gender, race, and social class which are evident through the military and political rule in a social setup. At the elementary educational level, the learners are to be taught effectively to achieve a positive outcome i n the society in the future. However, the hegemonic control over various educational levels reflects negatively to the learners in various countries. Additionally, the issue of hegemonic masculinity has also affected the female tutors in most educational institutions. This concept has been contested and has also attracted serious criticism in the academic world (21st Century Schools, 2010). In hegemony, the authority relations are said to have significant implications in the way individuals understand ethics. Ethics can be defined as the moral way of life. Ethics is applied in most fields of life including the military sector. In the military, ethics guides the militia group to act consistently while following the necessities of the organization. Just like in the militia organization, schools have also set up ethical guidelines that are to be observed by the teachers, learners, and other staff in a school (King, Hollins & Hayman, 1994). In hegemony, the most common ethical issues th at are able to arise include diversity, inequity, injustice, and growth-hindrance factors that affect the society. These factors are considered the central ethical challenges in this case study. The ethical issues are likely to arise from the indirect rule in any subordinate state. The inequality and injustice elements in the society are based on gender, race, and economic class of the individual or society involved. Furthermore, the diversity and growth-hindra

The Significance of Lyrics in a Song Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Significance of Lyrics in a Song - Essay Example The significance of words in a song is very well known. Indeed words are the building blocks of the songs. Any song writer will know the relevance of the words for its composition. It is the words that cause a stir in the minds of the song composer and as a result of this kind of effect; the song takes its birth. The song writer often uses special techniques so as to blend the words, to make the song quite unique and at the same time inspire the listeners. Indeed this could be considered as the real history behind the production of the songs. It is through this process by which the great song composers have been able to produce the greatest songs, ever known in the history of mankind. The power of the words is so much that, it can make the mind of the composer as well as the listener to get motivated and boosted up and take oneself to an elevated magical platform, where the inner meaning of the words can be visualized and realized. For this reason they are extremely choosy about the words and feel that a song’s whole power lies in it. ... Thus based on the song written the music is composed in such a way that, the tune fits very well with the words or lyrics and gives a unique experience to the listener. (www.scribd.com ) This technique is most commonly used in the case of popular song creation and very well seen in the case of the national anthem, where the tunes and the melody composed is made to fit with the text that is being written. It is always seen that in a majority of cases the music composers are not expert song writers due to which, they rely heavily on the lyrics and the poems written by others. This has been the common practice among the music composers down the ages and belonging to different nationalities. Almost in all the countries like England, Germany and America this system has been practiced. Examples are Franz Schubert who had been a very well known German music composer, very well relied on the poetry of many famous German poets like Heinrich Heine and many others. Aaron Copland the American mu sic composer was very much attracted to the poetry, that was written by Emily Dickinson and almost all the major musical works were based on the verses of this poet. (www.poets.org ) Thus history has been filled with several such cases which very well prove that, the greatest music composers the world over have been very much inspired by the verses of poetry written by the great poets. They get inspiration from them and tune their music based on the settings and text of the poems. It has been seen that in the modern day, it is not only the traditional music composers who tune their songs based on the poetry works but also the various rock bands and pop bands also compose the music, taking direct inspiration from the poetic

CEO Pay Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

CEO Pay - Essay Example The average CEO of a Standard & Poor's 500 company made $11.75 million in total compensation in 2005, according to a preliminary analysis by The Corporate Library. And that's just their annual take. At a time when most working families are looking at shrinking retirement nest eggs, many CEOs also have negotiated golden retirements for themselves3. The Top 6 companies noted to have offered the biggest compensation packages to their CEOs includes: Pfizer, Exxon Mobile, AT&T, IBM and Home Depot Inc, this is according to the recently published in AFL-CIO, America/s Union Movement. But how are CEOs being compensated We may ask. According to CNN/Money Staff writer Jake Ulick, these days, few corporate executives are doing the same despite a stretch of falling profits, rising job cuts and sinking stock prices. But a small dose of sobriety has emerged as companies reveal how they compensated their top executives last year. After enjoying a $17 million bonus in 2001 (Ulick. 2003), Sandy Weill, chief executive of Citigroup Inc. (C: Research, Estimates), took no bonus last year, when company shares fell 30.3 percent. The CEO of Eli Lilly (LLY: Research, Estimates), Sydney Taurel, earned a symbolic $1 salary in 2002 and was given options to buy 350,000 Lilly shares if they rise some 29 percent. The CEO of Oracle (ORCL: Research, Estimates), who took stock options but no salary and bonus last year (Ulick. 2003). Median executive compensation fell by 10.1 percent last year to $7.3 million, according to Equilar, which analyzed 161 proxies from Standard & Poor's 500 comp anies submitted to the Securities and Exchange Commission. But the figures from Equilar, a compensation research firm, also showed that median salaries plus bonus actually rose 3.7 percent to $1.56 million in 2002, after subtracting the value of stock option and restricted stock grants (Ulick. 2003). Thus shows how the executive are paid.Another survey concurred. The highest-paid U.S. executives received a 5.9 percent increase in total cash compensation last year, according to the Executive Compensation Index. The figures, from the Economic Research Institute, found that executive compensation grew faster than annual company revenue, which rose 0.89 percent in 2002 (Ulick. 2003). CEOs running 100 of the USA's biggest companies pulled in median 2002 compensation of $33.4 million, essentially unchanged from 2001, based on an exclusive database analysis by USA TODAY and the Investor Responsibility Research Center, a corporate-governance watchdog. Conclusions say that CEO salaries and bonuses surged 15% in a year salaries for rank-and-file workers averaged 3.2% gains; that Instead of stock options, many companies gave CEOs large blocks of restricted shares, less risky equity stakes. Among 36% of CEOs receiving them, the median value was $2.9 million; that More than 90% received fresh stock-option grants, with a median potential value of $23.2 million while nearly one-third pulled in compensation valued at $50 million or more. Even at companies where pay fell, pay packages remained large. PepsiCo CEO Steve Reinemund's pay package fell 62%, but was a still-impressive $76.5 million (Strauss & Hansen. 2003) Economists have determined that not only is there a strong statistical link between firm performance and executive compens

Wine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Wine - Essay Example lending the labeling process is undertaken, packaging and labeling changes over time and also will depend on the market, shapes of bottling, the cork and the label style. For example the Asian consumers prefer gold labels. The process of producing a single barrel bourbon involves mixing several barrel to achieve a uniform mixture, they are then stored in a warehouse and these barrels are checked regularly, over time the best part of the warehouse produces high quality whiskey and these barrels are allowed to mature for a longer period, when they mature they are bottled one barrel at a time. Aberfeldy is a single malt scotch whisky made in the highland region, it was founded in 1896 by John Dewar, 12 years old single malt that has a deep gold color and has a heather honey and Seville orange taste. Balvenie is a single malt whiskey founded by William Grant in 1886, 10 year whiskey and has the following characteristics: it is medium golden straw in color, honey and oak taste traces, smooth and medium dry. Caol Ila is a single malt whiskey founded by Hector Henderson in the year 1846, it is age ranges from 12 to 25 years and has the following characteristics: pale straw color, sweet and slight acidity but pleasant taste and has a sweet Smokey

CEO Pay Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

CEO Pay - Essay Example The average CEO of a Standard & Poor's 500 company made $11.75 million in total compensation in 2005, according to a preliminary analysis by The Corporate Library. And that's just their annual take. At a time when most working families are looking at shrinking retirement nest eggs, many CEOs also have negotiated golden retirements for themselves3. The Top 6 companies noted to have offered the biggest compensation packages to their CEOs includes: Pfizer, Exxon Mobile, AT&T, IBM and Home Depot Inc, this is according to the recently published in AFL-CIO, America/s Union Movement. But how are CEOs being compensated We may ask. According to CNN/Money Staff writer Jake Ulick, these days, few corporate executives are doing the same despite a stretch of falling profits, rising job cuts and sinking stock prices. But a small dose of sobriety has emerged as companies reveal how they compensated their top executives last year. After enjoying a $17 million bonus in 2001 (Ulick. 2003), Sandy Weill, chief executive of Citigroup Inc. (C: Research, Estimates), took no bonus last year, when company shares fell 30.3 percent. The CEO of Eli Lilly (LLY: Research, Estimates), Sydney Taurel, earned a symbolic $1 salary in 2002 and was given options to buy 350,000 Lilly shares if they rise some 29 percent. The CEO of Oracle (ORCL: Research, Estimates), who took stock options but no salary and bonus last year (Ulick. 2003). Median executive compensation fell by 10.1 percent last year to $7.3 million, according to Equilar, which analyzed 161 proxies from Standard & Poor's 500 comp anies submitted to the Securities and Exchange Commission. But the figures from Equilar, a compensation research firm, also showed that median salaries plus bonus actually rose 3.7 percent to $1.56 million in 2002, after subtracting the value of stock option and restricted stock grants (Ulick. 2003). Thus shows how the executive are paid.Another survey concurred. The highest-paid U.S. executives received a 5.9 percent increase in total cash compensation last year, according to the Executive Compensation Index. The figures, from the Economic Research Institute, found that executive compensation grew faster than annual company revenue, which rose 0.89 percent in 2002 (Ulick. 2003). CEOs running 100 of the USA's biggest companies pulled in median 2002 compensation of $33.4 million, essentially unchanged from 2001, based on an exclusive database analysis by USA TODAY and the Investor Responsibility Research Center, a corporate-governance watchdog. Conclusions say that CEO salaries and bonuses surged 15% in a year salaries for rank-and-file workers averaged 3.2% gains; that Instead of stock options, many companies gave CEOs large blocks of restricted shares, less risky equity stakes. Among 36% of CEOs receiving them, the median value was $2.9 million; that More than 90% received fresh stock-option grants, with a median potential value of $23.2 million while nearly one-third pulled in compensation valued at $50 million or more. Even at companies where pay fell, pay packages remained large. PepsiCo CEO Steve Reinemund's pay package fell 62%, but was a still-impressive $76.5 million (Strauss & Hansen. 2003) Economists have determined that not only is there a strong statistical link between firm performance and executive compens

Can We Attain Happiness Without God Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Can We Attain Happiness Without God - Essay Example They perceive that the attainment of the happiness is dependent on the attainment of the presence of God in our lives in certain manner. The religious teachings and the normal points of the view differ in achievement of the happiness. A majority of the religions speak of the importance of God as the primal force behind the attainment of the happiness. There are a number of prominent philosophers, like Aristotle; who have propagated that happiness is a state of mind. This forms the base of the contradictory nature of the definition of happiness. The Christian teachings place a lot of importance on the seeking of God as a means of happiness (Milton 179). This can be attributed to the basic view of God as a driving force of this universe. This also emanates from the fact that God as seen as an omnipotent being who does well to all. This essential property qualifies him as a quintessential source of happiness. The contemporary philosophers like Voltaire have pointed to the material natur e of happiness (Olson 201). They also argue that happiness is a state of the mind. Some have an external locus of happiness, as for example, the material possessions, money, clothes and wife. For some others, it is internal in nature. After a thorough analysis of all the points, I concur with the view of the faith, that God gives us happiness. It is of likelihood to me as it puts the onus of happiness to a greater power. This rests the grail of happiness in a power that is bigger than us, better than us, more intelligent than us and ultimately makes happiness seem more attainable. VIRTUES Virtue is a kind of moral excellence. The denomination of virtue is positive and renders a sense of inherent goodness in any human being. They serve as the cornerstone of the development of any person. They are inherent to the development of the greatness of any individual. This can also be termed as the pattern of the thought in all the individuals. The virtues can be considered as a subset of the values. The values are the base of the system of the operations of a person. If the values are maintained in the proper way, that leads to an all-round development of the individual. There is a classification of the virtues, which tend to divide the virtues into a number of tangible patterns. The established literature talks about two kinds of virtues, one is the Kantian virtue; the other is the Aristotle kind of the virtue. Aristotle values mention a list of values. They are temperance, the practice of justice, the practice of liberality, magnificence, the pride (being aware of the achievements of self and not being pompous), gentleness and a few other qualities. These are the general list of the virtues that are common to the literature. Aristotle has suggested the practice of the moderation in all the virtues. This shall help in the attainment of the needs of all the humans. Everything must be practiced in the right kind of the moderation for the attainment of the goals. This he lps in the development of the fundamental nature of humans at any point of time. One of the examples is the use of the moderation over the thinking. There is the need to practice middle path by not getting too anxious about anything, while maintaining the seriousness of any situation. I believe in the practice of the virtues, as they would help us in becoming better humans. It would also allow us to gain a

Death Penalty in India Essay Example for Free

Death Penalty in India Essay Short Essay on the Capital Punishment in India – Capital punishment has been a matter of debate for long now, and across the world public opinion is, by and large, in favour of abolishing it, as it is increasingly seen as a barbaric measure to check crime. Modern abolitionist jurists are of the view that if killing is wrong, no amount of legal or social sanction can make it right. If it is wrong for a man to kill another man, so it is even for the State to do. Besides, citing statistics, they argue that capital punishment has had no visible effect as a deterrent and has utterly failed to bring in a dip in the number of murders, which, according to them, makes capital punishment completely useless. Why kill the killers when it helps none and nothing, seems to be the belief. To them, capital punishment is a barbarous measure of no avail that has its place in the annals of history and not in modern statute books. Abolition of death penalty is largely seen as a step in the interest of human dignity in line with Article 5 of International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1966 and its protocol in 1989, besides, of course, Article 3 of Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted on December 10, 1948 and Article 21 of our own Constitution. The arguments on the side of the retentionists are equally strong. However, in India the Supreme Court has made death penalty applicable only to the rarest of rare cases – the cases where the act is no less than shocking to human conscience. The landmark cases where the death sentences were awarded in India are Ranga Billa case, Indira Gandhi and Rajiv Gandhi Assassination case, Laxman Nayak case and most recently in 2004 Hatab case of West Bengal where accused Dhananjoy Chatterjee was hanged on 14 August, 2004, on his birthday, after Supreme Court affirmed the death sentence awarded by the lower courts. The President also declined his plea for pardon. In the year 2003 government laid a Bill in the Parliament, which proposed to add a provision of death penalty in Drugs and Cosmetics Act. After the new government came in power in June 2004, President Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam suggested that Parliament should consider the abolition of death sentence altogether.

Comparison Of Memory Models Psychology Essay

Comparison Of Memory Models Psychology Essay This assignment is going to compare the multi-store model Atkinson and shiffrins (1968) and levels of processing Craik and Lockhart (1972) there is evidence to support both theories and evidence against. The essay will firstly describe the multi-store model with several studies including Baddeley (1966) Peterson and Peterson (1959) and then a brief description of the levels of processing model with Craik and Tulvings(1971) and Tyler et al (1979) studies then will end with an evaluation of both models The multi-store model was the first theory of its kind, it was created to study the way memory is processed, and how we retain and store information and why some information stays with us for all our life and other information is lost. Atkinson and Shiffrins (1968) believed that when we attend to information it then goes into different stores and this determines whether the information gets encoded into our long term memory or short term memory. (Grahame Hill 2001) So firstly when information goes into our sensory store (sensory store meaning anything we touch, see , smell or hear) we have a couple of seconds to attend to the information if not the information will be lost forever but if attended to then it will become encoded into our short term memory . However even when information is in our short term memory if its not rehearsed then it can still be displaced but if rehearsal has taken place then its more likely to be stored in our long term memory The Baddeley( 1966 ) study supports the multi-store model, he set out to achieve information on weather encoding in short term memory was acoustic or semantic. He gave his subjects a list of four letter words. The lists were acoustically similar and dissimilar and semantically similar and dissimilar. He then read out the words four times, immediately after the subjects was given a list containing all the words he had read out but in the wrong order their task was to rearrange the words back into the correct order this was to test the short term memory His participants that had been given acoustically similar had worst recall with only 10% of recall of words being in the correct order and the rest of the lists got a 60% to 80% recall so therefore short term memory has better acoustic encoding memories. So this study supports the multi-store that we have a short term memory store. Overall the outcome is that multi-store model is the basic explanation of memory and is very simplistic and Baddeleys theory suggest that the short term memory is more complex.( Barbara woods 2004) Peterson and Peterson (1959 ) is also another theory that supports Atkinson and Shiffrins (1968 ) multi-store model regarding short term memory their experiment tested the duration of short term memory. They gathered a number of subjects and shown them nonsense trigrams ( ptr, rtw) they tested recall after three second intervals and then tested recall after eighteen second intervals. This was to demonstrate if the information got encoded into their sensory store or short term memory.( wwwcom) Their finding was that the subjects got a greater recall 90% on the three second interval and only 2% on the eighteen second interval. This proved that we have a poor memories when we dont have a verbal rehearsal which agrees with Atkinson and Shiffrins (1968 ) theory that you have to rehearse information for it to be encoded into our memory stores Also there is Craik and Lockharts (1968) model that suggests that rehearsal is not the only form of memory and that its more complex so they studied the depths of processing. This proved once again that the multi store model was too simplistic. (Richard gross and Geoff rolls 2003) The multi-store model explanation is basic and it only explains encoding, storage and retrieval. Its a very simplistic theory that other physiologists have elaborated on. Baddeleys ( 1966) theory supported the multi-store model that we have two separate memory stores short term and long term. The multi-store model does not explain why we can remember information in our short term memory that we have not rehearsed. Levels of processing Levels of processing was created as an alternative that challenged Atkinson and shiffrins multi-store model Craik and Lockhart (1971) argued that rehearsal alone could not explain how people stored information in their long term memory, so they set out to prove that information is more memorable when its more meaningful. Craik and Lockhart (1971) believed that it was down to how a person processed this information; the deeper it gets imbedded then more chance that it will get encoded into the long term memory and that they was three types of proceeding Organisation, Distinctiveness and elaboration. To prove this they did an experiment. (Richard gross and Geoff rolls 2003) Craik and Tulving(1971) gathered a number of subjects together and shown them a list of 5 letter nouns and then asked questions about the words. Questions was in three different styles case rhyme and sentence questions, case question; would be is the word in capitals, rhyme question; does the word hat rhyme with the word and lastly sentence question; would the word hat fit into the sentence; the .. Is down the street. The subjects could only answer yes or no to the questions. Craik and Tulving (1971) then studied the findings, review the answers that the subjects have given to find out which has the greater recall so there for a deeper level of processing (Grahame hill 2001) (Richard gross and Geoff Rolls 2003) Their findings was in favour of sentence questions which falls under semantic processing with the subjects remembering 70% of the words so semantic processing has a better recall then rhyme question which is phonemic processing with the subjects remembering 35% of the words for recall and shallow processing the least with only 15% of the words being recalled. So shallow processing takes less thinking about and as a result the information will be less likely to be stored in your long term memory. Phonemic the subjects had to think a bit more about the answer, so some of the information got in encoded and semantic was the best overall due to the fact that the subjects had to think even more so the information got encoded deeper so had the best recall. (Nicky Hayes and sue Orrel 193l) Their are other studies that have been created that have agreed and disagreed with Craik Lockhart(1971) theory that its all down to the depth of processing to which you get recall . a theory that disagreed with the theory was Tyler et al (1979) He did an experimental study which involved anagrams. two sets. One difficult example rtoodc and one easy example doctro. Now if Craik and Lockharts theory was to be proven right the subjects should have come up with the same result as its the same word so the depth of the encoding should be the same, so recall should be the same. The subjects got better recall with the harder anagram which suggests that the more time you pay and effort will get a better recall. Levels of processing takes into account the effects of processing not just rehearsal and elaborates on deeper processing, organisation, distinctiveness and elaboration. Levels of processing gives us ways to improve memory finding information that is distinct. An argument against this theory is who defines what deep processing is? Plus if semantic processing produces better recall therefore semantic processing must be deeper leading to better recall so its a circular argument. Memory is a complex system with a vast amount of other psychologists undertaking studies to try and find an insight into how we remember information. The multi-store model even thou its a very basic and simplistic it was a great first attempt at understanding memory and gave future psychologists somewhere to start from. Atkinson and Shiffrins (1978) model does not explain why some information does not need rehearsal but still gets encoded into our memory. However even when rehearsal has taken place, its not always enough to transfer the information from short term to long term memory store. Although with levels of processing the model is more descriptive and looks into the different types of processing. But the model does not explain why these different types of processing lead to better recall. Craik and Lockharts (1972) theory also assumes that semantic processing is deeper then phonemic but there is no evidence to prove this. Therefore both models have weaknesses and both have evidence that supports and backs up the models. The multi-store model is always going to be the basic theory that other psychologists elaborate on and therefore this assignment is more in favour of the multi-store model then levels of processing due to the fact that there is more evidence to support that there is different memory stores and that when we receive information it then gets encoded and if rehearsed there is a chance that the information will then be stored into our short term or long term memory store.

Early American Writers Essay -- essays research papers

Early American Writers In the literature of early American writers there is one common trait among all the writings: religion. Among Anne Bradstreet and Jonathan Edwards all speak of their opinion of religion, god, heaven, and material things. Anne Bradstreet was a puritan wife, originally from England but then moved to America. Upon moving and settling into her home, her poems became full of emotion and spoke about concerns from her heart. She was religious and believed that men had superiority over women. A common concern in these religious writers was the unimportance of material things on Earth. In Bradstreet's Upon the Burning of Our House July 10th, 1666, her house was burned to the ground. Nevertheless, she did not shed to many tears because she knew that "Thou hast an house on high erect," meaning that her real home was in heaven. She found comfort in god and her belief in her made her strong and able to move on in her life. When she starts thinking about all her possessions that she had lost she would "Raise up thy thoughts above the sky . . . " and remember these things do not matter, what matters is her "house on high." Jonathan Edwards also found comfort in god, "leading me to sweet contemplations of my great and glorious God." Jonathan was also a puritan from the early America, however, he was a preache...

Appiah Notes on “Identity, Authenticity, Survival”

SLIDE 2- QUESTIONS OF RECOGNITION ?APPIAH quotes CHARLES TAYLOR, asserting that modern social and political life and very much based off of questions of recognition. oIn our liberal society, we see recognition as a method to acknowledge individuals and what we perceive to be their identities oWe have a notion from â€Å"ethics of authenticity† that people have the right to be acknowledged publically as what they already really are oWe deny people rights when society tells people to hide something about themselves and pretend to be something their not, such as being Jewish or gay. Discussion on recognition conflicts with the idea of an individuals authenticity and identity. oâ€Å"If what matters is my individual and authentic self, why is so much contemporary talk of identity about large categories- gender, ethnicity, nationality, race, sexuality- which seem so far from the individual. † (149) othere is a disconnect between using collective language such as this and the movement for an individual to have a â€Å"modern notion of the self† SLIDE 3-RUBRIC OF IDENTITY APPIAHT maintains TAYLOR’s defense to this phenomenon, and throughout this essay discusses features of TAYLOR’s story under three crucial rubrics- identity, authenticity, and survival. ?Identities whose recognition TAYLOR discusses are what we call collective social identities, such as religion, gender, ethnicity, race, and sexuality. APPIAHT says these identities somewhat heterogeneous or diverse because they matter differently to people who subscribe to them in different ways, but these are the major collective identities that demand recognition in North America. oHe uses the example of religion or of sexuality- both of which he says matter different to different people and are experienced in different ways at various stages of life. Connection between a persons individual identity, which is the focus of TAYLORS discussion, and these collective identities: each pe rsons identitiy is seen as having two major dimensions. †¢There is a collective dimension- intersection of collective identities †¢Also a personal dimension- consisting of other socially or morally important features, such as charm, intelligence, wit, that are not the basis of forms of collective identity (people who have these identities don’t form a social group) SLIDE 4- RUBRIC OF AUTHENTICITY Uses this rubric to acknowledge the importance and connection between the two personal and collective identities oUses quote of TAYLOR to show the â€Å"ideal of authenticity†, â€Å"there is a certain way of being that is my way. I am called upon to live my life in this way.. if I am not true to myself, I miss the point of my life. oTAYLOR justifies the politics of recognition, maintaining the oppositional aspects to authenticity that would complicate the picture because it focuses too sharply on the difference between the two levels of authenticity that the contem porary politics of recognition combine oAPPHIAT says TAYLOR/ HERDERs way of framing the issue doesn’t pay enough attention to the connection between the originality of people and nations> today the individual identity, which screams out for recognition, is likely to have what HERDER would have seen as a national identity as a component of its collective dimension. APPHIAT says being an African American is part of the authentic self he seeks to express. It is partly because he wants to express his self that he seeks recognition of an African American identity. †¢Conflicts with TRILLING in this context because recognition as an African American means social acknowledgement of that collective identity, which requires both recognizing its existence and actually demonstrating respect for it.If in seeing himself as African American, APPHIAT resists white norms, mainstream American conventions, the racism of white culture, why would he ever seek recognition from others who are white? oIrony in the ways in which this â€Å"bohemian ideal† leads authenticity to require us to reject many components of our society. oSecondly, another problem with the bohemian ideal has components of errors of philosophical anthropology. †¢It fails to see what TAYLOR recognizes as the way in which the self is dialogically constituted. Rhetoric of authenticity suggests not only that you have a way of being that is all your own, but in that developing it, you must fight against the family, organized religion, society, the school, and the state- all of the forces of convention> this point is wrong in that: †¢It is in dialogue with others understandings of who you are that develops a concept of your own identity, but also because identity is created through concepts and practices made available to a person by religion, society, school, family and the state. Dialogue shapes the identity a person develops as they grow up and what TAYLOR calls â€Å"language in a br oad sense† oOverall, APPHIAT claims that in every identity, there is a broader context that allows for a space in the other. He claims for example, African American identity is centrally shaped by American Society and its institutions, and it cant be seen as solely constructed within African-American communities. oHe claims a third problem with the standard framing of authenticity if essentialism, which seems inherent in the way questions of authenticity are normally posed.After romanticism, the idea that the self is something that one creates so that â€Å"every life should be a work of art this is his or her own greatest creation†. Authenticity in politics should not be considered essentialist or monological. ?APPHIAT supposes that TAYLOR is content with the collective identities and this might be why he is less likely to make concessions to them. SLIDE 5- SURVIVAL RUBRIC ?TAYLOR argues that pluralism in societies will require us to modify procedural liberalism.HE agr ees that we should not accept the insistence on the uniform application of rules without exception and the suspicion of collective goals. We should not accept the insistence without the suspicion. There can be legit goals that would give up proceduralism. ?APPAHIAT acknowledges Taylors discussion of collective goals in multicultural states, but moves the focus on to say that the collective goals of society shouldn’t be that the language or practice of a culture is eventually still happening, but that there should be a desire for the language and practice to be moved on from one generation to the next.EXAMPLE- Canada paying a group of unrelated people on an island in the south pacific to carry on French Canadian culture- this doesn’t meet the need. ?In addition, there needs to be a goal to respecting the autonomy of future individuals. Sometimes children resist to practices that theyre families uphold, such as arranged marriages. In this case, the ethical principles of equal dignity that underlie liberal thinking seem to be against allowing parents to maintain their personal practices because we care about the autonomy of the children. If we create a culture that our descendants will want to hold on to- our culture will survive in them. He says we have to help children make themselves, and we have to do so according to our values because children do not begin with values of their own. He also claims that we must both appeal to and transmit values more substantial that a respect for liberal procedures. oEducation is run by government institutions on purpose for creating collective goals in social reproduction. ?APPHIAT agrees with TAYLORS objections to pure proceduralsim because of social reproduction. SLIDE 6- CONCLUSION Large collective identities that call for recognition come with notions of how a proper person of that kind behaves- there isn’t one way that a group should behave, but there are modes of behavior. These notions provide loo se norms and models which play a role in shaping the life of those who make these collective identities central to their individual identities. oCollective identities provide â€Å"scripts† which are narratives that people can use in shaping their life plans and stories. oIn telling a persons story, how a person fits into the wider story of various collectivities is important.Many identities fit each individual story into a larger narrative. oToday, it is widely agreed upon that insults to collective or individual identities are seriously wrong. oEthics of authenticity requires us to express who we really are, they further demands recognition in social life. Because there is no reason to treat people of identities badly, there should be cultural work to resist the stereotypes, to challenge insults, and to lift restrictions. oIn order to construct a life with dignity, take the collective identities and construct positive life scripts instead

Article Review Draft

I am reviewing literature that relates to my research topic of how the Information genealogy affects the employment rate in the logistics field. I have assembled 16 individual books, articles, and or sources that will support me in my research of my hypothesis. My goal of this review is to properly order and summarize the data have accumulated, and to determine areas in which further research and focus is required (Crewel, 2014). The first article that is going to be absolutely critical to my research is the Bureau of Labor Statistics (2015) Occupational employment statistics estimates.This isn't an article but more specifically a database of information collected by U. S. Overpayment organizations in order to calculate nationwide employment rates. The data is collected on a monthly basis by the U. S. Census Bureau and from a sampling Of sixty thousand households. The employment databases goes back to 1942, however for purposes of my study I will just use recent information from the last 10-15 years. While this data is subjective, it offers strong set of supporting historical employment trends in logistics career fields, and is the current standard in U. S. Employment information (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2015). In a research article by (Anderson, German, & Scrum, 1 997), the authors look to provide empirical research into the impacts of downsizing or reducing the amount of employees on logistics performance. Two main conclusions are reached; companies that have reduced their logistics workforce have a perception of improved logistics performance but in reality they have the same indicators as firms that have not reduced their workforce. The other conclusion is the reduction of workforce contributes greatly to the lack of loyalty, decreased moral, and vastly increased stress levels.This article provides interesting argument that tit firms striving to reduce employee number totals; reduction equally increases negative aspects as well. The article (Jackson, 20 01 ) clarifies the beginning of the Internet age and details what and when it came into existence, as we know it today. The development of the Internet was a collaborative team research effort created in U. S. Governmental agencies around 1960. The Internet was not a viable option for civilian society until 1990. This article will allow me to accurately focus on the proper time frame of Internet availability to the logistics community.I will not rely solely on the information in this article and back up the findings of this article with the data in a similar Internet origin articles. Additionally this article makes clear that the many supporting technologies and infrastructure developments positively contributed to the advent of the Internet. In the article by (Laser, 2004), he explores the ways and methods that the Internet, computers, and software with communications affect logistics and specifically transportation. This study confirms the vast importance of technology in revoluti onize modern logistics areas.One important aspect of this particular article is the mint that no matter the technological innovation, location still drives transportation speed, timeliness and efficacy. I can utilize this important realization with other aspects of research and technology application and ensure my internal bias is reduced. The key takeaway I came away with is that no matter how much information or data is improved the location and distance of transporting goods and materials will always persist. The article One on One by (Roberts, 2004) is an interview with the vice president of the company Oracle, Greg Tennyson.This interview captures the strategies ND leveraging of technologies in order to increase profitability of logistics operations within the realm of shipping raw materials globally. Specifically useful to my research is the discussion of â€Å"offspring† logistics operations. â€Å"Offspring† is described as transitioning logistics operations fr om the L] . S. To overseas markets, which offer vastly cheaper labor and trade restrictions. India is a primary market utilized by Oracle in this article. I believe that the perspective of cheaper overseas labor cannot be mistaken for the advances in informational technologies.This article will further reduction of y bias by tempering it with different empirical data supporting a theory that labor reductions in logistics may be due to cheaper labor in different regions of the globe. Despite the increase of offspring, the article still reiterates the central importance of communications technologies in order to synchronize the complex and intricate global transactions. The article from (Atkinson, 1 999) discusses the usage of communications and web-based technologies in order to develop logistics cost savings.The specific technology discussed in this article is Collaborative, Planning, Forecasting and Replenishment (CUFF). CUFF is the Internet based communications business solution u tilized by many fortune 500 companies today including Wall-Mart. The article details the successes of this technology from a cost savings perspective. The key point of this study in relation to my research is the importance of communications, not only externally to a logistics company, but internal as well. Communication enables timely delivery of information and ensures needs are forecasted and met.Technology and automation coupled with advanced communications technology is integral with the future Of logistics. In another article from (Atkinson, 1999), the author cuisses the expansion of the Internet in the logistics sector and the development and maturation of E-commerce. E-commerce is commerce that takes place between two or more organizations electronically. Early on in the inception of the Internet, many logistics companies were reticent to employ Internet based technologies in fear of security issues.Those companies that mastered the web-based technologies were rewarded by re duction in costs and labor efficiencies. The main learning point of this article is the fact that it correlates using technology and the Internet with reducing labor forces and Ewing more productive with less people employed. With the article by (McGovern, 1998), it is undeniable that the Internet is a crucial area for growth in logistics sectors. The only argument about the Internet as it pertains to the logistics industry is how to apply and utilize it in the best manner possible.The main issue with this article in regards to my research is the fact that it pertains mainly to visibility and communication and does not include hard data with employment statistics. While can use the perspective and insight provided additional support with numerical data will be more relevant to use in my study. I can always use and improve upon the information provided in this study. The article is quite old (1998) in reference to the subject of my research.I will be able to use all information here as either pre or post Internet and in that way even older articles can provide much-needed context. With infill article by (Williams, 2001) he provides additional support to the origins of the Internet. This article analyzes three components of logistics, inventory control, order processing and transportation. The Internet impacts all three areas in positive ways in the article. One area this article could be of more assistance to my research reports is again more usage of empirical data and numerical figures on employment and how that relates to performance.In conclusion the articles summarized together present a consistent gap of research in regards to how informational technologies impact the employment of logistics employees. I believe can utilize the data surveys from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and incorporate supporting documentation to identify that informational technologies did and continue to reduce employment opportunities within the united States of America. Can cont inue to refine my literature or more clearly define the scope of my research question in order o synchronize the availability of research available at this time.

New Mexico’s Border Issues

Illegal immigration refers to the immigration of people across national border without visa or valid documents. The illegal immigration give rise to a larger set of social issues in areas, such as economy, social welfare, education and health, smuggling and crime. The international border between United States and Mexico runs for about 3,141 km which is frequently crossed over by countless illegal immigrants from Mexico. The reason for these illegal crossings is the difference in living standards and wages in US and Mexico. Even though there large group of border patrol personnel’s guarding the border, alien immigrants can still sneak in through various locations due to lack of funds and consistent patrol in the area. .According to an estimate over a million people who cross over to US, 45 percent end up in   becoming agricultural labors in various US states. The economic and social costs of illegal immigration are enormous. It is estimated that about 10,000 illegal aliens cross into US every day with annual figure reaching to   of 3 million. A third of these immigrants are caught and returned to their home country; while half of them become US residents permanently.   About 9 to 11 millions illegal immigrants reside in US at present. Due to the acceptance of low wages by illegal immigrants in New Mexico and other states, about1.8 million native workers suffer loosing not only their wages, but also jobs raising the cost of state welfare to US$ 15 billion annually. According to the National Academy of Sciences it costs $89000 to pay for an alien immigrants during his lifetime stay in US. However its not only the loss of job or revenue, but 80 percent of cocaine and 50 percent of heroin in US is smuggled through new Mexico borders by these illegal immigrants. The illegal immigrants cost billions of dollars every year to the American taxpayers; especially the free treatment offered to illegal aliens. Due to which many hospitals New Mexico, Arizona and California has been closed down. The total economic cost of illegal immigrants is estimated to in between 67$ to $87 billion. Since   1986 US has embarked efforts to restrict illegal immigration with the arrival of Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) which expanded the funding for the US border patrol. Between 1986 and 1996, Congress and President took a series of restrictive actions to regain the control of US and Mexico border. However despite these measure and IRCA act, both legal and illegal immigration continued to rise. The federal government in 1993 initiated another plan to install more officers at the border. These plans have fundamental weakness due to less defended border at many areas. For example when mobilization of forces was activated in El Paso and San Diego, the flow of migrants turned to Arizona and Texas creating new problems in these states. The push by US authorities pushed the immigrants to cross over from more remote deserts and mountains and rivers where its much more hard for border patrol to capture them. Another loss has been the higher rate of injury and death that also accelerated the cost of spending on already poor counties in New Mexico and border states. Even though the Border Patrol budget has been increased 10 times between 1986 and 2002, but the arrival of immigrants has also risen. In 2005, New Mexico declared emergency due to the rise in drug smuggling, kidnapping and murder in the state. The State governor criticized the federal government and Congress by mentioning total lack of support from the Border Patrol.   In recent days the illegal immigrant issue has become a national debate with politicians on both sides favoring and disfavoring the issue due to their own vested interests. There have been suggestions to construct fence, wall, and deployment of more Border Patrol agents to address the cross border issue. In reality the problem is much bigger than it seems. Constructing a few miles wall or fence will not bring any change, unless realistic approach is taken to tackle the issue. Even after the constructions of fence in San Diego the flow of immigrants increased; as fence provides an excuse for Border Patrol to be less careful Analyst believe that US polices have failed to produce any result. A new approach is needed to address the issue. The solution to the problem lies in the undocumented migration, which if made legal can prove   more productive.   Under the current immigration law, all countries have same quota of 20,000 thousand legal immigrants per year; which is same for the Mexico, the closest US neighbor.  Ã‚   A more realistic policy would be to   provide temporary visas, (which President Bush has recently announced), however greater emphasis should be paid to the Mexicans; as Mexico is the major part of the problem. Reference CNN, (August 13, 2005). Border emergency declared in New Mexico. Retrieved February 8, 2007, Web site: http://www.cnn.com/2005/US/08/12/newmexico/ 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Economic Cost of Illegal migration. Retrieved February 8, 2007, Web site: http://www.cairco.org/econ/econ.html 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Douglas S. Massey, Beyond the Border Buildup. Retrieved February 8, 2007, Web site: www.ailf.org 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Fencing in Failure. Retrieved February 8, 2007, Web site: http://www.ailf.org/ipc 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   America Org, Illegal immigration a ‘real issue'. Retrieved February 8, 2007, Web site: http://www.americas.org/                                             

Evidence of Evolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Evidence of Evolution - Essay Example As a result led an arboreal way of life characterized good eye precision, a hand grip and padded feet with claws to enable climbing. The first primates were Prosimians whose niche was during the Paleocene Epoch. Prosimians faced global extinction of plants and animals that lacked adaptions to survive in the changing environment and had to adapt to complete the versatile ecological niche (Butzer, 1977). The early Prosimians were relatively small in size, they had a grasping hand and feet that were adapted to climbing trees and efficiently manipulated objects. At this stage they were developing stereoscopic vision. However, the Prosimians became extinct by the end of the Eocene Epoch and gave way to the anthropoids that existed during the Oligocene. The Oligocene was characterized by regional climate shifts that definitely influenced the direction of evolution (O’Neil, 2003). The climate at the time created a favorable environment for growth of fruits and seed plants that the anthropoids feed on. However, they still lived on trees. Due their environment and feeding habits, they had fewer teeth, larger brain capacity and a more defined stereoscopic vision as compared to the Prosimians. The Miocene Epoch was the next Epoch after the Oligocene. It was characterized by the movement of tectonic plates that created mountain chains. This changed the weather patterns, whereas the progressive global cooling and drying was still in force. Eventually, polar ice caps reduced the amount of water in the oceans lowering the sea levels. A land reconnection occurred between Africa and Asia, providing a migration route for primates and other animals (Williams, 2001). Tropical forests in South Asia and East Africa replaced the dry grasslands and woodlands providing a strategic environment for the survival of primates. The hominoids evolved during this period as primate

LighterLife Workshop Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

LighterLife Workshop - Case Study Example Obese people do not just detract from the country's growth by being unfit to perform their duties, they pose a financial burden because of their associated medical problems. Healthy non obese people can fulfill their duties to their country and thus are a great asset. A LighterLife counselor is thus in a unique position to contribute to the society by helping clinically obese people as well as to take advantage of a growing business opportunity. LighterLife now has 250 accredited and fully trained counsellors. The brand is unique in that it offers a real, scientifically proven and permanent solution to client's obesity problem. It has helped treat more than 60,000 obese people but the market penetration is low as per the expected business demand. Collective efforts are required to address this problem. In view of this, it is important to position the brand effectively. As a counsellor, I must emphasize what the brand has to offer and the values that we incorporate. I must project our belief in health, integrity and efficacy in a confident and well-balanced way. The philosophy of sustained healthy attitude towards food for life must be reinforced through the management program. This will help me forge a life long relationship with the client. Thus, more clients will stay on the route to management and management long after they have lost weight. Marketing For marketing LighterLife weight loss and weight management products, it's necessary for both the Company and the independent self employed counsellors to work in tandem. The counsellors must share their successful/ unsuccessful marketing efforts for LighterLife products with the Company. The Company can either take solutions from the marketing experts or share the tips from the successful marketers. To improve their business, counsellors should organize and attend relevant exhibitions in their areas, distribute flyers and combine advertising with advertorial. At their end, LighterLife will review and improve the present marketing material and tools to make it more sales oriented. It will make a concerted effort to support Counsellor marketing through new schemes, products and incentives. LighterLife will analyze the present Central marketing done from its offices through channels like magazine, website, public relation and exhibitions to get more clients interested. Counsellors will also be

Competitive Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Competitive Strategy - Essay Example South African Breweries had acquired Miller Brewing Company in 2002 and had become SABMiller. The third task is to explain the implications of its current strategic position for the future of SABMiller. Finally the paper will recommend the strategies that South African Breweries (and SABMiller) should follow in the coming years. South African Breweries was started in 1895 mainly to cater to the growing mining population in Johannesburg, what is now South Africa. Throughout the existence of the company, it has recorded consistent growth through entry into new markets and acquisitions. The company could also survive the turbulent period of the two World Wars and the eventual abolition of apartheid. In 1962, the company found a new domestic market segment when the government lifted a long lasting prohibition of alcohol consumption by blacks. The company had also entered into other diverse fields such as safety matches, glass making, hospitality, gaming, and textiles. The company also followed its strategic plans by rapidly expanding into Eastern Europe and other developing economies in Asia like China and India. It has presence in markets located in Africa, Asia, Latin America, North America and Europe. SABMiller has more than 200 types or brands of beer and employees nearly 60,000 by the parent company alone. Its breakup of revenue according to markets and type of business is given below. Competitive Strategy: According to the famous management theorist and author, Michael Porter every large organization will have two sets of strategies. One is for expansion of its business referred to as competitive strategy and the other for the survival and growth of the organization as a whole referred to as corporate strategy. (Porter 1998, 117). Competitive strategy is easy to conceive in the mind but difficult to define, because of the sheer diversity in different forms of businesses, markets and the type of leadership or

Script and Analysis of Videotaped Lesson Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Script and Analysis of Videotaped Lesson - Essay Example er: What's 1minus 0; that turns into one that is a whole different problem, one function, two functions, right, use your theorem, constant over _ powered, one over 0 is 1, so what they actually do is they use what is called the squeeze theorem ok, that takes function, it's two outside function, one is a function and it squeezes it in between, that's what we just did, squeeze it in between Student: You didn't go over that yesterday Teacher: Yes, I didn't say Allison is like... Aren't we in a boring class Student: Is this the first class you have gone to today or did you just finish Teacher: I had a IEP meeting but it just finished Student: What's and IEP meeting Teacher: Individual Educational Plan Student: Inaudible Teacher: Inaudible Student: why do you have to go to an IEP meeting Teacher: You just, you always have to, once a year Student: Inaudible. What does once doYou'll be reprimanded Teacher: don't worry about it, if you're not all in, don't worry about it, you'll never have to go Student: InaudibleCause like, we won't be smart Teacher: Here's the next function, Inaudible, I got the sin of 0, what is the sin of 0 Student: Zero Teacher: and we're done Student: That's stupid Teacher: What's stupid about it, it's easy Student: that means it's not stupid, its easier to do Teacher: I can make it harder for you Jessie Student: Yea, just for Jessie Teacher: Yea there is 23, I plug infinity and I need Infinity, uh, one is infinity and one is undefined, we have to do something, what's our highest counter here Student: x over one Teacher: x, so one over x, we divide everything by x, you know this one Student: zero Teacher: that's zero, plus this will cancel it, 2 that's the bottom, put infinity here what do we get Student: zero Teacher: so zero divided by 2 is Student:... Teacher: ok, so what happens is you use what's called the squeeze theorem, that's, we squeeze in this function and between 2 other functions to figure out the answer, okay, its called di-estimate, but we have to get this function to look like this function so we divide it by everything by Teacher: What's 1minus 0; that turns into one that is a whole different problem, one function, two functions, right, use your theorem, constant over _ powered, one over 0 is 1, so what they actually do is they use what is called the squeeze theorem ok, that takes function, it's two outside function, one is a function and it squeezes it in between, that's what we just did, squeeze it in between Teacher: If you even knew how bad I was when I first studied chapter one, I got a C+, and I may have copied off of my friend, and I never take calculus again, never in the world, never for the life of me did I think I would actually teach this stuff Teacher: alri

Use data Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Use data - Essay Example When enough experimental results confirm a hypothesis, a well-tested explanation known as a theory is developed. The theory is further subjected to more well-designed experiments and if there is continued regularity in results, scientists may accept the theory as a law (Shipman, Wilson and Todd). Statistical science explores the relationships between different variables for purposes of establishing the nature of the relationship between various aspects of nature. Statistical science requires that once data is collected, it becomes organized in a way that will enable others to experience the data which has been collected. For this purpose it makes use of specific models and tools such as graphs and charts. Statistical science, thus, evaluates and interprets confidence intervals and significance tests (Diggle and Chetwynd). Physical sciences use the scientific method of study to prove or disprove a theorem whereas statistical science is based on quantitative variables which are subjected to mathematical theorem for analysis